Mazmur 81:12

81:12 I gave them over to their stubborn desires; ¹ 

they did what seemed right to them. ² 

Keluaran 8:15

8:15 But when Pharaoh saw that there was relief, ³  he hardened ⁴  his heart and did not listen to them, just as the Lord had predicted. ⁵ 

Keluaran 8:32

8:32 But Pharaoh hardened ⁶  his heart this time also and did not release the people.

Keluaran 9:12

9:12 But the Lord hardened ⁷  Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not listen to them, just as the Lord had predicted to Moses.

Imamat 26:39

Restoration through Confession and Repentance

26:39 “‘As for the ones who remain among you, they will rot away because of ⁸  their iniquity in the lands of your enemies, and they will also rot away because of their ancestors’ ⁹  iniquities which are with them.

Yesaya 5:6

5:6 I will make it a wasteland;

no one will prune its vines or hoe its ground, ¹⁰ 

and thorns and briers will grow there.

I will order the clouds

not to drop any rain on it.

Matius 21:19

21:19 After noticing a fig tree ¹¹  by the road he went to it, but found nothing on it except leaves. He said to it, “Never again will there be fruit from you!” And the fig tree withered at once.

Matius 23:31-32

23:31 By saying this you testify against yourselves that you are descendants of those who murdered the prophets. 23:32 Fill up then the measure of your ancestors!

Matius 27:4-5

27:4 saying, “I have sinned by betraying innocent blood!” But they said, “What is that to us? You take care of it yourself!” 27:5 So ¹²  Judas threw the silver coins into the temple and left. Then he went out and hanged himself.

Roma 1:28

1:28 And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God, ¹³  God gave them over to a depraved mind, to do what should not be done. ¹⁴ 

Roma 9:18

9:18 So then, ¹⁵  God ¹⁶  has mercy on whom he chooses to have mercy, and he hardens whom he chooses to harden. ¹⁷ 

Roma 9:2

9:2 I have great sorrow and unceasing anguish in my heart. ¹⁸ 

Roma 2:11-12

2:11 For there is no partiality with God. 2:12 For all who have sinned apart from the law ¹⁹  will also perish apart from the law, and all who have sinned under the law will be judged by the law.

Wahyu 22:10-11

22:10 Then ²⁰  he said to me, “Do not seal up the words of the prophecy contained in this book, because the time is near. 22:11 The evildoer must continue to do evil, ²¹  and the one who is morally filthy ²²  must continue to be filthy. The ²³  one who is righteous must continue to act righteously, and the one who is holy must continue to be holy.”

[81:12]  ¹ tn Heb “and I sent him away in the stubbornness of their heart.”

[81:12]  ² tn Heb “they walked in their counsel.” The prefixed verbal form is either preterite (“walked”) or a customary imperfect (“were walking”).

[8:15]  ³ tn The word רְוָחָה (rÿvakhah) means “respite, relief.” BDB 926 relates it to the verb רָוַח (ravakh, “to be wide, spacious”). There would be relief when there was freedom to move about.

[8:15]  ⁴ tn וְהַכְבֵּד (vÿhakhbed) is a Hiphil infinitive absolute, functioning as a finite verb. The meaning of the word is “to make heavy,” and so stubborn, sluggish, indifferent. It summarizes his attitude and the outcome, that he refused to keep his promises.

[8:15]  ⁵ sn The end of the plague revealed clearly God’s absolute control over Egypt’s life and deities – all at the power of the man who prayed to God. Yahweh had made life unpleasant for the people by sending the plague, but he was also the one who could remove it. The only recourse anyone has in such trouble is to pray to the sovereign Lord God. Everyone should know that there is no one like Yahweh.

[8:32]  ⁶ tn This phrase translates the Hebrew word כָּבֵד (kaved); see S. R. Driver, Exodus, 53.

[9:12]  ⁷ tn This phrase translates the Hebrew word חָזַק (khazaq); see S. R. Driver, Exodus, 53.

[26:39]  ⁸ tn Heb “in” (so KJV, ASV; also later in this verse).

[26:39]  ⁹ tn Heb “fathers’” (also in the following verse).

[5:6]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “it will not be pruned or hoed” (so NASB); ASV and NRSV both similar.

[21:19]  ¹¹ tn Grk “one fig tree.”

[21:19]  sn The fig tree is a variation on the picture of a vine as representing the nation; see Isa 5:1-7.

[27:5]  ¹² tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the leaders’ response to Judas.

[1:28]  ¹³ tn Grk “and just as they did not approve to have God in knowledge.”

[1:28]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “the things that are improper.”

[9:18]  ¹⁵ sn There is a double connective here that cannot be easily preserved in English: “consequently therefore,” emphasizing the conclusion of what he has been arguing.

[9:18]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “he”; the referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[9:18]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “So then, he has mercy on whom he desires, and he hardens whom he desires.”

[9:2]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “my sorrow is great and the anguish in my heart is unceasing.”

[2:12]  ¹⁹ sn This is the first occurrence of law (nomos) in Romans. Exactly what Paul means by the term has been the subject of much scholarly debate. According to J. A. Fitzmyer (Romans [AB], 131-35; 305-6) there are at least four different senses: (1) figurative, as a “principle”; (2) generic, meaning “a law”; (3) as a reference to the OT or some part of the OT; and (4) as a reference to the Mosaic law. This last usage constitutes the majority of Paul’s references to “law” in Romans.

[22:10]  ²⁰ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

[22:11]  ²¹ tn Grk “must do evil still.”

[22:11]  ²² tn For this translation see L&N 88.258; the term refers to living in moral filth.

[22:11]  ²³ tn Grk “filthy, and the.” This is a continuation of the previous sentence in Greek, but because of the length and complexity of the construction a new sentence was started in the translation.